The History of Deaf Education Essay - 1417 Words

Long before Thomas Gallaudet founded the first permanent school for the deaf in America, controversy as to the educability and best method of communicating with the deaf have existed. In fact, in the Biblical Times section of the book The Deaf Community in America Socrates, in conversation with Hermogenes is quoted saying, â€Å"Suppose that we have no voice or tongue, and wanted to indicate objects to one another, should we not, like the deaf and dumb, make signs with the hands, head and the rest of the body? Hermogenes replied, â€Å"How could it be otherwise, Socrates?† (M.Nomeland and R.Nomeland 7). However, Aristotle in apparent disagreement with Socrates believed that hearing contributed the most to intelligence and that thought could be†¦show more content†¦Gallaudet, â€Å"impressed by the use of signs in addition to the speech and lipreading methods used to educate French deaf children† (Lane 34) at the National Institution for the deaf Mutes in Paris , â€Å"was invited to the National Institutions teachers preparation program at no charge† (Lane 34). While there, Gallaudet studied Sicard’s methods which allowed, â€Å"the deaf to comprehend and formulate sentences in manual French and [studied] the composite meaning of †¦ separate words† (Lane 8). After spending several months studying at the institute, Clerc accompanied Gallaudet back to America. On the fifty-two day return trip Gallaudet taught Clerc English, and Clerc helped Gallaudet with his signing skills. On April 15, 1817, seven months after returning from Paris, Gallaudet and Clerc opened â€Å"Americas first successful school for deaf children †¦ in Hartford† (Nomeland 35) bringing enthusiasm to education; somewhat of a â€Å"golden period in deaf history† (Sacks 21) that led to the opening of schools and the expansion of American Sign Language wherever â€Å"there was a sufficient density of [deaf] population† (Sack s 23). Much like the evolution of spoken English, the indigenous and regional sign languages that were brought to the school by the students influenced the vocabulary and grammar of the French method brought by Clerc, and together they formed the American SignShow MoreRelatedChloe Ziff . Professor Gary Rosenblatt. April 13, 2017.991 Words   |  4 PagesSeeing Voices is a book that delves into the history of Sign Language and expresses a genuine meaning behind what language truly is.   Oliver Sacks is an engaging and fascinating writer. Being able to explore outside what he is used to, he can expand his knowledge about language. Being knowledgeable on psychiatry can help him get a better understanding of cognitive ability in the deaf community and the importance of why keeping  Sign Language away from Deaf children is not beneficial for them in theRead MoreOral And The Oral Manual Controversy831 Words   |  4 PagesThe Oral-Manual Controversy in Deaf Education History tells us that the oral-manual controversy in deaf education emerged during the Age of Reason. The Age of Reason chronicles the so-called War of Methods when the manualists, followers of Abbà © Charles Michel de l’Épà ©e’s manualism, and the oralists, followers of Samuel Heinicke’s oralism, competed each other in the deaf education arena (Lang, 2011). Needless to say, no winner was declared; hence, the controversy has continued for centuries. DescriptionRead MoreDeaf Blindness1452 Words   |  6 PagesDeaf Blindness Most people assume that a deaf blind child is someone who is not able to hear or see. â€Å"Our countrys special educational law defines deaf-blindness as the combination of the visual and hearing impairment† (â€Å"Deaf Blindness†). These two impairments make the person lose his or her　communication skills, developmental and educational needs. The National Consortium on Deaf-Blindness observes that the key feature of deaf-blindness is that the combination of losses limits access toRead MoreSummary : American Sign Language 957 Words   |  4 Pageswould you do if you were Deaf and living in America during the early 1800’s and before? Think of how hard it would be to learn when the teachers in the classroom would talk out loud and you couldn’t hear what they were saying. It was very difficult for Deaf students who lived before the 1800’s to get any education. Rich people would send their children across the ocean to Europe where they co uld attend the Braidwood Academy in Great Britain among other great schools for the Deaf. The many who couldn’tRead MoreThe Importance Of Deaf Culture1445 Words   |  6 Pagesthemselves with. As I began learning about the hallmarks of Deaf culture such as â€Å"language, heritage art and history†, I began wondering about how the historical significance of each one impacted the modern choices of Deaf individuals (Holcomb 17). Our textbook Introduction to American Deaf Culture makes references to how important American Sign Language is to define the Deaf community which leaves me wondering how strong the foundation of Deaf culture would be if based on heritage rather than on languageRead MoreSeeing Voices : A Journey Into The World Of The Deaf1075 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Seeing Voices: A Journey into the World of the Deaf†. In this book the author Oliver Sacks basically focuses on Deaf history and the community of the deaf developed toward linguistic self-su fficiency. Sacks is a Professor of Neurology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He became interested in the problem of how deaf children acquire language after reviewing a book by Harlan Lane. The book was titled â€Å"When the Mind Hears: A History of the Deaf†. This book was first published in 1984 and wasRead MoreHow the Deaf Communicate in a Hearing World Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pageshearing world and a deaf one. One world is capable of hearing and the other involves no incoming source of sound whatsoever. Understanding how deaf culture and how the hard of hearing work and live is important in order to comprehend the reasons behind why they do the certain things they do such as stare at others for a long period of time or the reason why they perceive situations that they are placed in. In the world of the deaf, one who has been labeled with the term â€Å"deaf† has little to no meaningRead MoreDeaf : Deaf And Deaf886 Words   |  4 Pages(2010) defines Dea f Studies as â€Å"interdisciplinary approaches to the exploration of Deaf individuals, communities, and cultures as they have evolved within a larger context of power and ideology† (p. 210). In other words, Deaf Studies refer to a specific academic field that studies deaf individuals and their unique communities and culture and may include constructs from anthropology, linguistics, bilingual education, disability, audiology, etc. Within the context of Deaf Studies, deaf individuals areRead MoreAnalysis of Mark Drolsbough ´s Deaf Again781 Words   |  4 Pagesautobiography Deaf Again, Mark Drolsbaugh writes about his life being born hearing, growing up hard of hearing, to eventually becoming deaf. By writing this book, he helps many people view from his perspective on what it is like for someone to struggle trying to fit in the hearing society. Through his early years, his eyes were closed to the deaf world, being only taught how to live in a hearing world. Not only does t he book cover his personal involvement, but it covers some important moments in deaf historyRead MoreDeaf Culture1589 Words   |  7 PagesDeaf Culture In mainstream American society, we tend to approach deafness as a defect. Helen Keller is alleged to have said, Blindness cuts people off from things; deafness cuts people off from people. (rnib.org) This seems a very accurate description of what Kellers world must have been. We as hearing people tend to pity deaf people, or, if they succeed in the hearing world, admire them for overcoming a severe handicap. We tend to look at signing as an inferior substitute for real communication

English Language Learners Speech-Language Pathologists

Speech-language pathologists play a significant role in evaluation and intervention with English Language Learners. More and more SLPs are playing a teacher role in the academic environment. The role and responsibility of a speech-language pathologist is essential when identifying the most ethical and appropriate services to meet the individual needs of the student. However, evaluating ELL students can be challenging from a clinical standpoint and typically is complicated by many factors including, personal, institutional, and society interests. Many school based SLPs are not proficient in a second language and therefore are not adequately trained to provide nonbiased bilingual assessments. Current practices in speech-language pathology support the decision making process for the family and their priorities when identifying assessment and treatment options. Consideration for implementing strategies that will benefit the student most should not be overlooked. There are some key questions that may be influential when providing assessments to ELLs. First and foremost, the clinician needs to figure out the most ethical question, which would be whether or not it is obligatory, permissible, or impermissible for a monolingual SLP to conduct an evaluation of a child whose L1 is not English. The process of evaluating an ELL is often associated with much uncertainty so should be carefully monitored over a period of time. Next, the SLP needs to take note of all the relevantShow MoreRelatedA Career in Speech and Language Pathology1414 Words   |  6 PagesA Career in Speech and Language Pathology Walking into school, a little boy is scared to talk to his classmates because he stutters . He is not getting good grades because he has trouble understanding information and communicating. His parents want to help him ,but do not know how. That is when speech and language pathologists come to the rescue. Speech and language pathologists help kids, teens, and adults overcome their oral and mental difficulties. They specialize in the field of helping theRead MoreEffective Communication And Alternative Communication1086 Words   |  5 Pages(other than oral speech) that are used to express thoughts, needs, wants, and ideas. We all use AAC when we make facial expressions or gestures, use symbols or pictures, or write (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) 2016). This style of communication is supported by many individuals in the school and home setting including speech pathologist, special education teachers, paraprofessionals, and parents. The direct guidance usually co mes from the speech pathologist and they train theRead MoreAnalysis Of Special Education1555 Words   |  7 Pagesin various ways. According to her history, Tamara qualified for special education in Kindergarten, as she had a moderate delay in speech and language. Tamara received services to target speech sound disorder by a speech-language pathologist until May 2015. The speech-language pathologist focused on sound substitutions each grade until she was discharged with, â€Å"speech issues that persist, but considered age-appropriate.† During her time in therapy, her literacy scores were lagging 10-15 percentageRead MoreThe Effects Of Special Populations On Students With Disabilities937 Words   |  4 PagesSpecial populations is any student who obtains a disadvantage or barrier that affects their learning. The disadvantages or barriers include disabilities, economic status, single parent households, foster care, homeless, English Language Learners, sexual orientation, rac ial and ethnic minorities. Students with disabilities could range from one factor to multiple factors and can obtain a 504 plan or Individualized Education Plan and Behavior Intervention Plan. These plans are implemented with the ResponseRead MoreGraduation Speech : Language And Education994 Words   |  4 Pagesin World Language Education because it effortlessly joins together my sole two passions: language and education. As a child going through the public school system, whenever I was asked the standard question of what I wanted to be when I grew up, I always responded, â€Å"a teacher.† However, as I have grown up and have been exposed to different situations, I have developed an affinity for the Spanish language. It started as a language requirement in high school and transformed into a language class thatRead MoreRegional Dialects And Socio Cultural Differences1246 Words   |  5 PagesA dialect can be defined as a particular form of a language that is specific to a r egion or social group. When people think of dialect they often confuse it with an accent. Dialects are very specific to the people in a certain region, it is often how they pronounce certain words that confuse people. There are many different kinds of dialects including regional dialects and socio-cultural dialects. No dialect is exactly the same, when they are found almost all over the world it creates diversity inRead MoreThe Language Of Vocabulary Instruction1073 Words   |  5 Pagesstudy examined the influence of the language of vocabulary instruction in English compared to instruction in both English and Spanish in Spanish speaking pre-schoolers. This article questions whether or not dual language learners (DDLs) in pre-school will acquire superior gains in English and Spanish receptive vocabulary after receiving a culturally and linguistically responsive (CLR) instructional modality in both English and Spanish, compared to an English culturally responsive (ECR) modalityRead MoreEssay on English Language Learners1888 Words   |  8 Pages racie Allen of the comedy team of Burns and Allen was once asked how one should speak French. She replied, â€Å"Well, you speak it the same way you speak English; you just use different words.† When trying to assist in instructing English language learners, they usually have many concepts and language abilities that they need to master, as do the teachers that are trying to teach them. With the incorporation of the concepts and approaches to identify and assess the issues and concerns that we have learnedRead MoreThe Importance Of The No Child Left Behind Act1461 Words   |  6 Pagesto improve achievement from K-12 students with aid from government funding within high poverty schools. The NCLB has been a great initiative to promote performance for all students, especially those from minorities, special education and English Language Learners (Chen, G.) As stated in ‘Examining the Assumptions of Unde rlying the NCLB Federal Accountability Policy on School Improvement,’ this policy has received a great amount of recognition as well as many flawed assumptions that make us questionRead MoreMulticultural Education, Its Purpose, Goals, And Challenges Inclusive824 Words   |  4 Pageshistorical patterns associated with multicultural education and the need for more multicultural programs in education. Jia (2015) contributed to the history by stating there was a lack of intercultural programs that were connected to English as a Foreign Language program in China. Jia argued for more multicultural programs, which could have helped students to become more self-aware, and would have aided students to comprehend ethnocentrism and racial stereotypes while reducing prejudice. The principal

At first glance, Beowulf appears to be an epic exclusively about Christian values, and how it influenced the Anglo

At first glance, Beowulf appears to be an epic exclusively about Christian values, and how it influenced the Anglo-Saxons of this time Essay At first glance, Beowulf appears to be an epic exclusively about Christian values, and how it influenced the Anglo-Saxons of this time. Moreover, a tale about how Christian principles always defeat the forces of evil, and how all thanes and kings are saintly. However, as the book further develops, it becomes more apparent that this epic intertwines the ideals of both paganism and Christianity. Although the Beowulf poet makes many Christian references in the book through his extensive knowledge of the Bible, the main points he uses to explain the Anglo-Saxon society is through the principles of pagan religion. Such abundant references to material rewards, earthly fame, wyrd, and wergild prove that he is pagan. Fame, glamour, and material rewards entice men time after time in this epic, as their actions are based on their motives for personal gain. However, these concepts of personal gain and material rewards do not coincide with Christian principles. Christianity places an emphasis on benevolence and generosity, rather than greed, which we see in the tale of the man who stole the cup from the dragon. A man stumbled on the entrance, went in, discovered the ancient treasure, the pagan jewels and goldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a runaway slave stole a jeweled cup and bought his masters forgiveness92,93. There are two details in this quote that demonstrate the philosophy of paganism. First, is the reference to pagan treasure, which implies that Anglo-Saxons are the owners of these treasures, hence they are pagan. Since the Beowulf poet lived during in this period, he in essence is also pagan. Second, the stealing of the jeweled cup from the hoard only highlights the insignificance and greed of a society that places such a high premium on material wealth. Not only are material rewards and earthly fame displayed through humble slaves, but also through our hero, Beowulf. Although it appears that Beowulf fights to protect the innocence of others, there is a more obscure reason that lies underneath. It is Beowulfs eagerness for material rewards and earthly fame that leads him to protect others. This can be seen when Hrothgar tells Beowulf that he will be rewarded very lavishly if he defeats Grendel. No one strange to this land has ever been granted what Ive given you, no one in all the years of my rule. Purge Herot and your ship will sail home with its treasure-holds full43. Hrothgar gives incentive by enticing Beowulfs greed, and Beowulf accepts the offer, knowing that he will claim a great fortune if he wins. Wealthow and Hrothgar constantly give gold and other fine jewels to Beowulf, whether it would be for winning great battles or as little as giving praise to their sons. The emphasis on objects is connected to the pagan world, where objects are like idols which symbolize fame and wealth. Besides glory, fame, and fortune, was another big part of Anglo-Saxon culture. This idea is known as wyrd, the Anglo-Saxon concept of faith. All religions believe that fate plays a role in everyday  lives. Christians dont believe in a pre-determined life, rather they believe that the actions you make during this life will affect your afterlife. However, pagans believe that although your social rank is predestined, worshiping pagan idols can change the outcome of the events in your life on earth. This can be seen when Hrothgar and his counselors make useless attempts to appease Grendel. They cant offer him gold or land, as they might an ordinary enemy because such material possessions are useless to him. Like most people in a time of crisis they slip back into old ways of thinking. And wondering what the bravest warriors could do. And sometimes they sacrificed to the old stone gods, made heathen vows, hoping for Hells support 28. .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe , .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe .postImageUrl , .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe , .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe:hover , .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe:visited , .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe:active { border:0!important; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe:active , .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Education Values EssayInstead of praying to God for support, they sacrifice to the stone idols of their pagan past. Though enlightened by Christianity, the poet is saying, pagan rituals were still very much a part of these peoples lives. With the implication that the Anglo-Saxons had little trust in the Christian faith and in the power of God, we can see the lack of these two items in Beowulf as well. Beowulfs descriptions of his adventures contain almost no mention of Gods help. His remarks at the end of his description of the battle with Grendels mother that I had barely escaped with my life, my death was not written 89, indicate his concerns with fate. Without the mentioning of God, the Beowulf poet hints at of some other powerful force that can alter mans fate. This shows that even the great hero is not very confident in God and the Christian religion, and must turn back to the pagan religion. Despite the major significance of fate and fortune, lies one of the biggest aspects of this epic. Wergild, the concept of revenge, indicates that the role of paganism outweigh the values of Christianity. Christian beliefs tend to promote peace, the oneness of humanity, and helping those who are in need. Yet, the virtues of courage in war and the acceptance of feuds between men and countries as a fact of life come from the pagan tradition. There is a multitude of examples of wergild, violence, and constant feuds like the digression of Finn. Hengest lived the whole stormy winter through, there with Finn whom he hated. But his heart lived in Denmark-and Hengest dreamed of his home-but revenge came first, settling his bitter feud with Finn, whose bloody sword he could never forgetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the time had come, and Hengest rose, and drove his new sword into Finns belly, butchering that king58, 59. Plotting schemes, bloodshed, and feuds are clearly evident in this passage. However, it mainly displays how important revenge was to the Anglo-Saxons of this time, and that it was the concept of wergild, by which they lived and died. The Beowulf poet portrays the Anglo-Saxon culture by separating their main ideals like a prism does with light. No matter which end of the spectrum  you are looking from, all the ideas prove that pagan ideals and principles prevail over the values of Christianity. It is shown on countless occasions through the material rewards, earthly fame, wergild, and wyrd amongst every social class slaves, thanes, and kings. In the end, the separated lights in the prism come together and become one. This array of light for the Beowulf poet is ultimately his beliefs and concepts in the pagan religion.

Underclassman Advice free essay sample

If I could give an underclassman some advice, I would definitely give it about school, family, and relationships. As you grow up, you will soon realize how much time is worth; also, stay out of trouble! Nobody wants to be grounded when they could be out with their friends. My first piece of advice is to work hard in school. To be a good student, you must do your best in everything you do. Do your homework! Put all of your effort into each and every test and assignment.No matter how young you are, you need to start y researching about the life you wish to have, and the places you want to go to be successful in your eyes. My second piece of advice is to always love your family. I know, parents can be tough, but know that they mean well. Family is a very Important thing in life. We will write a custom essay sample on Underclassman Advice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They are the people that will always be there, no matter what you have done. Listen to your parents. Before you know it, you will be saying goodbye to them, heading off onto a road that is unfamiliar, but they have to believe in you and hope that everything they have taught you will be enough.Dont let them down. My last please of advice Is to not be wrapped up In your lover throughout high school. You dont need to rely on somebody else and then expect to be independent after you guys break up. Most relationships dont last In high school anyways, so why wait for the harsh break up? All of this advice will help you grow up and be a good student, perfect daughter/son, and live a drama free life throughout high school. A student shouldnt worry because of unneeded stress, for they should Just have fun. I hope that you will use this advice and actually get something out of It. Just be mature and do your best.